diff --git a/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary.go b/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary.go
index 3cdd3de87..a85787e8e 100644
--- a/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary.go
+++ b/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary.go
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/base_encoding"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/beacon_indicies"
 	state_accessors "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/state"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state/raw"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state/shuffling"
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ func uint64BalancesList(s *state.CachingBeaconState, out []uint64) []uint64 {
 
 func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 	var tx kv.Tx
+
 	tx, err := s.mainDB.BeginRo(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -182,6 +184,20 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 	stateEvents := etl.NewCollector(kv.StateEvents, s.dirs.Tmp, etl.NewSortableBuffer(etl.BufferOptimalSize), s.logger)
 	defer stateEvents.Close()
 
+	progress, err := state_accessors.GetStateProcessingProgress(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Go back a little bit
+	if progress > s.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*2 {
+		progress -= s.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch * 2
+	} else {
+		progress = 0
+	}
+	progress, err = findNearestSlotBackwards(tx, progress) // Maybe the guess was a missed slot.
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	// buffers
 	commonBuffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	compressedWriter, err := zstd.NewWriter(commonBuffer, zstd.WithEncoderLevel(zstd.SpeedBetterCompression))
@@ -189,18 +205,35 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	defer compressedWriter.Close()
-
 	// TODO(Giulio2002): also store genesis information and resume from state.
 	if s.currentState == nil {
-		s.currentState, err = s.genesisState.Copy()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// Collect genesis state if we are at genesis
-		if err := s.collectGenesisState(ctx, compressedWriter, s.currentState, slashings, proposers, minimalBeaconStates, stateEvents, changedValidators); err != nil {
-			return err
+		// progress is 0 when we are at genesis
+		if progress == 0 {
+			s.currentState, err = s.genesisState.Copy()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			// Collect genesis state if we are at genesis
+			if err := s.collectGenesisState(ctx, compressedWriter, s.currentState, slashings, proposers, minimalBeaconStates, stateEvents, changedValidators); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			start := time.Now()
+			// progress not 0? we need to load the state from the DB
+			historicalReader := historical_states_reader.NewHistoricalStatesReader(s.cfg, s.snReader, s.validatorsTable, s.fs, s.genesisState)
+			s.currentState, err = historicalReader.ReadHistoricalState(ctx, tx, progress)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to read historical state at slot %d: %w", progress, err)
+			}
+			end := time.Since(start)
+			hashRoot, err := s.currentState.HashSSZ()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			log.Info("Recovered Beacon State", "slot", s.currentState.Slot(), "elapsed", end, "root", libcommon.Hash(hashRoot).String())
 		}
 	}
+
 	logLvl := log.LvlInfo
 	if to-s.currentState.Slot() < 96 {
 		logLvl = log.LvlDebug
@@ -256,8 +289,11 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 			return s.validatorsTable.AddWithdrawalCredentials(uint64(index), slot, libcommon.BytesToHash(wc))
 		},
 		OnEpochBoundary: func(epoch uint64) error {
-			v := append(s.currentState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(), append(s.currentState.PreviousJustifiedCheckpoint(), s.currentState.FinalizedCheckpoint()...)...)
 			k := base_encoding.Encode64ToBytes4(s.cfg.RoundSlotToEpoch(slot))
+			v := make([]byte, solid.CheckpointSize*3)
+			copy(v, s.currentState.CurrentJustifiedCheckpoint())
+			copy(v[solid.CheckpointSize:], s.currentState.PreviousJustifiedCheckpoint())
+			copy(v[solid.CheckpointSize*2:], s.currentState.FinalizedCheckpoint())
 			if err := checkpoints.Collect(k, v); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -302,9 +338,11 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 	progressTimer := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Minute)
 	defer progressTimer.Stop()
 	prevSlot := slot
+	first := false
 	// This tells us that transition and operations do not happen concurrently and access is safe, so we can optimize for GC.
 	// there is optimized custom cache to recycle big GC overhead.
 	for ; slot < to; slot++ {
+		isDumpSlot := slot%clparams.SlotsPerDump == 0
 		block, err := s.snReader.ReadBlockBySlot(ctx, tx, slot)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -329,11 +367,11 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if slot%clparams.SlotsPerDump == 0 {
+		if isDumpSlot && block == nil {
 			if err := s.antiquateField(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawBalances(), compressedWriter, "balances"); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-			if err := s.antiquateEffectiveBalances(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawBalances(), compressedWriter); err != nil {
+			if err := s.antiquateEffectiveBalances(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawValidatorSet(), compressedWriter); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 			if s.currentState.Version() >= clparams.AltairVersion {
@@ -360,11 +398,15 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 		slashingsBytes = slashingsBytes[:0]
 		slashingsBytes = append(slashingsBytes, s.currentState.RawSlashings()...)
 
-		// We sanity check the state every 100k slots.
-		if err := transition.TransitionState(s.currentState, block, slot%100_000 == 0); err != nil {
+		fullValidation := slot%100_000 == 0 || first
+		// We sanity check the state every 100k slots or when we start.
+		if err := transition.TransitionState(s.currentState, block, fullValidation); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
+		first = false
+		// if s.currentState.Slot() == 3868670 {
+		// 	s.dumpFullBeaconState()
+		// }
 		if err := s.storeMinimalState(commonBuffer, s.currentState, minimalBeaconStates); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -372,7 +414,22 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		events.Reset()
-		if slot%clparams.SlotsPerDump == 0 {
+
+		if isDumpSlot {
+			if err := s.antiquateField(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawBalances(), compressedWriter, "balances"); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := s.antiquateEffectiveBalances(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawValidatorSet(), compressedWriter); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if s.currentState.Version() >= clparams.AltairVersion {
+				if err := s.antiquateField(ctx, slot, s.currentState.RawInactivityScores(), compressedWriter, "inactivity_scores"); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			if err := s.antiquateFullSlashings(slashings, slot, s.currentState.RawSlashings(), commonBuffer, compressedWriter); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -503,9 +560,16 @@ func (s *Antiquary) IncrementBeaconState(ctx context.Context, to uint64) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	log.Info("Historical antiquated", "slot", s.currentState.Slot(), "latency", time.Since(start))
-	return rwTx.Commit()
+	if err := rwTx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	endTime := time.Since(start)
+	stateRoot, err := s.currentState.HashSSZ()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Info("Historical states antiquated", "slot", s.currentState.Slot(), "root", libcommon.Hash(stateRoot), "latency", endTime)
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *Antiquary) antiquateField(ctx context.Context, slot uint64, uncompressed []byte, compressor *zstd.Encoder, name string) error {
@@ -700,6 +764,19 @@ func (s *Antiquary) dumpPayload(k []byte, v []byte, c *etl.Collector, b *bytes.B
 	return c.Collect(k, common.Copy(b.Bytes()))
 }
 
+// func (s *Antiquary) dumpFullBeaconState() {
+// 	b, err := s.currentState.EncodeSSZ(nil)
+// 	if err != nil {
+// 		s.logger.Error("Failed to encode full beacon state", "err", err)
+// 		return
+// 	}
+// 	// just dump it in a.txt like an idiot without afero
+// 	if err := os.WriteFile("b.txt", b, 0644); err != nil {
+// 		s.logger.Error("Failed to write full beacon state", "err", err)
+// 	}
+
+// }
+
 func flattenRandaoMixes(hashes []libcommon.Hash) []byte {
 	out := make([]byte, len(hashes)*32)
 	for i, h := range hashes {
@@ -720,3 +797,18 @@ func (s *Antiquary) antiquateFullSlashings(collector *etl.Collector, slot uint64
 	}
 	return collector.Collect(base_encoding.Encode64ToBytes4(slot), common.Copy(buffer.Bytes()))
 }
+
+func findNearestSlotBackwards(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	canonicalRoot, err := beacon_indicies.ReadCanonicalBlockRoot(tx, slot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	for canonicalRoot == (common.Hash{}) && slot > 0 {
+		slot--
+		canonicalRoot, err = beacon_indicies.ReadCanonicalBlockRoot(tx, slot)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return slot, nil
+}
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary_test.go b/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary_test.go
index ea24cf704..73688024e 100644
--- a/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary_test.go
+++ b/cl/antiquary/state_antiquary_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package antiquary
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	_ "embed"
@@ -36,6 +37,13 @@ func TestStateAntiquaryCapella(t *testing.T) {
 	runTest(t, blocks, preState, postState)
 }
 
+func TestStateAntiquaryBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip()
+	blocks, preState, postState := tests.GetBellatrixRandom()
+	fmt.Println(len(blocks))
+	runTest(t, blocks, preState, postState)
+}
+
 func TestStateAntiquaryPhase0(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Skip()
 	blocks, preState, postState := tests.GetPhase0Random()
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_0.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_0.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_58.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_58.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_59.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_59.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_6.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_6.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_60.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_60.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_7.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_7.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_71.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_71.ssz_snappy
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_8.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_8.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_84.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_84.ssz_snappy
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index 000000000..638bafe5d
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index 000000000..ef553a34d
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_89.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_89.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1591667ac
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_9.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_9.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4c3dcfd6
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_90.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_90.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..373746aa8
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_91.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_91.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc01404a9
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_92.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_92.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd8517154
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_93.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_93.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..636ade479
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_94.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_94.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b07de428a
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diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_95.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_95.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cbf6df90
Binary files /dev/null and b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/blocks_95.ssz_snappy differ
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/meta.yaml b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/meta.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46caff271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/meta.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{blocks_count: 96}
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/post.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/post.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3bc26c91
Binary files /dev/null and b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/post.ssz_snappy differ
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/pre.ssz_snappy b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/pre.ssz_snappy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee9a847b5
Binary files /dev/null and b/cl/antiquary/tests/test_data/bellatrix/pre.ssz_snappy differ
diff --git a/cl/antiquary/tests/tests.go b/cl/antiquary/tests/tests.go
index 98ee2ff04..1596e16d0 100644
--- a/cl/antiquary/tests/tests.go
+++ b/cl/antiquary/tests/tests.go
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package tests
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"embed"
 	_ "embed"
+	"strconv"
 
 	libcommon "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/kv"
@@ -37,6 +39,11 @@ var phase0_pre_state_ssz_snappy []byte
 //go:embed test_data/phase0/post.ssz_snappy
 var phase0_post_state_ssz_snappy []byte
 
+// bellatrix is long
+
+//go:embed test_data/bellatrix
+var bellatrixFS embed.FS
+
 type MockBlockReader struct {
 	u map[uint64]*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock
 }
@@ -130,3 +137,38 @@ func GetPhase0Random() ([]*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, *state.CachingBeaconState,
 	}
 	return []*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock{block1, block2}, preState, postState
 }
+
+func GetBellatrixRandom() ([]*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, *state.CachingBeaconState, *state.CachingBeaconState) {
+	ret := make([]*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, 0, 96)
+	// format for blocks is blocks_{i}.ssz_snappy where i is the index of the block, starting from 0 to 95 included.
+	for i := 0; i < 96; i++ {
+		block := cltypes.NewSignedBeaconBlock(&clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig)
+		// Lets do te
+		b, err := bellatrixFS.ReadFile("test_data/bellatrix/blocks_" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ".ssz_snappy")
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		if err := utils.DecodeSSZSnappy(block, b, int(clparams.BellatrixVersion)); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		ret = append(ret, block)
+	}
+	preState := state.New(&clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig)
+	b, err := bellatrixFS.ReadFile("test_data/bellatrix/pre.ssz_snappy")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := utils.DecodeSSZSnappy(preState, b, int(clparams.BellatrixVersion)); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	postState := state.New(&clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig)
+	b, err = bellatrixFS.ReadFile("test_data/bellatrix/post.ssz_snappy")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	if err := utils.DecodeSSZSnappy(postState, b, int(clparams.BellatrixVersion)); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return ret, preState, postState
+
+}
diff --git a/cl/cltypes/eth1_block.go b/cl/cltypes/eth1_block.go
index ef5819c64..3d92938f7 100644
--- a/cl/cltypes/eth1_block.go
+++ b/cl/cltypes/eth1_block.go
@@ -94,8 +94,11 @@ func (*Eth1Block) Static() bool {
 func (b *Eth1Block) PayloadHeader() (*Eth1Header, error) {
 	var err error
 	var transactionsRoot, withdrawalsRoot libcommon.Hash
-	if transactionsRoot, err = b.Transactions.HashSSZ(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	// Corner case: before TTD this is 0, since all fields are 0, a 0 hash check will suffice.
+	if b.BlockHash != (libcommon.Hash{}) {
+		if transactionsRoot, err = b.Transactions.HashSSZ(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 	if b.version >= clparams.CapellaVersion {
 		withdrawalsRoot, err = b.Withdrawals.HashSSZ()
diff --git a/cl/cltypes/solid/checkpoint.go b/cl/cltypes/solid/checkpoint.go
index 8db388792..87ce50436 100644
--- a/cl/cltypes/solid/checkpoint.go
+++ b/cl/cltypes/solid/checkpoint.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Constants to represent the size and layout of a Checkpoint
-const checkpointSize = 32 + 8 // BlockRoot(32 bytes) + Epoch(8 bytes)
+const CheckpointSize = 32 + 8 // BlockRoot(32 bytes) + Epoch(8 bytes)
 
 type Checkpoint []byte // Define Checkpoint as a byte slice
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func NewCheckpointFromParameters(
 	blockRoot libcommon.Hash, // A hash representing the block root
 	epoch uint64, // An unsigned 64-bit integer representing the epoch
 ) Checkpoint {
-	var c Checkpoint = make([]byte, checkpointSize)
+	var c Checkpoint = make([]byte, CheckpointSize)
 	c.SetBlockRoot(blockRoot)
 	c.SetEpoch(epoch)
 	return c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func NewCheckpointFromParameters(
 
 // NewCheckpoint returns a new Checkpoint with the underlying byte slice initialized to zeros
 func NewCheckpoint() Checkpoint {
-	return make([]byte, checkpointSize)
+	return make([]byte, CheckpointSize)
 }
 
 func (c Checkpoint) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ func (c Checkpoint) BlockRoot() (o libcommon.Hash) {
 
 // EncodingSizeSSZ returns the size of the Checkpoint object when encoded as SSZ.
 func (Checkpoint) EncodingSizeSSZ() int {
-	return checkpointSize
+	return CheckpointSize
 }
 
 // DecodeSSZ decodes the Checkpoint object from SSZ-encoded data.
diff --git a/cl/cltypes/solid/uint64slice_byte.go b/cl/cltypes/solid/uint64slice_byte.go
index ce102e81f..a642c6278 100644
--- a/cl/cltypes/solid/uint64slice_byte.go
+++ b/cl/cltypes/solid/uint64slice_byte.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (arr *byteBasedUint64Slice) CopyTo(target *byteBasedUint64Slice) {
 func (arr *byteBasedUint64Slice) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	list := make([]uint64, arr.l)
 	for i := 0; i < arr.l; i++ {
-		list[0] = arr.Get(i)
+		list[i] = arr.Get(i)
 	}
 	return json.Marshal(list)
 }
diff --git a/cl/cltypes/solid/validator_set.go b/cl/cltypes/solid/validator_set.go
index c8241fe08..eb5b6e170 100644
--- a/cl/cltypes/solid/validator_set.go
+++ b/cl/cltypes/solid/validator_set.go
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ func NewValidatorSetWithLength(c int, l int) *ValidatorSet {
 		l:               l,
 		buffer:          make([]byte, l*validatorSize),
 		treeCacheBuffer: make([]byte, getTreeCacheSize(l, validatorTreeCacheGroupLayer)*length.Hash),
+		phase0Data:      make([]Phase0Data, l),
+		attesterBits:    make([]byte, l),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/cl/persistence/base_encoding/uint64_diff.go b/cl/persistence/base_encoding/uint64_diff.go
index 4c242cc96..1e3496082 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/base_encoding/uint64_diff.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/base_encoding/uint64_diff.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/utils"
 )
 
 // make a sync.pool of compressors (zstd)
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ func ApplyCompressedSerializedUint64ListDiff(old, out []byte, diff []byte) ([]by
 	temp := make([]byte, 8)
 	currIndex := 0
 	for i := 0; i < int(length); i++ {
-		n, err := decompressor.Read(temp[:4])
+		n, err := utils.ReadZSTD(decompressor, temp[:4])
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -219,7 +220,8 @@ func ApplyCompressedSerializedUint64ListDiff(old, out []byte, diff []byte) ([]by
 			return nil, io.EOF
 		}
 		entry.count = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(temp[:4])
-		n, err = decompressor.Read(temp)
+
+		n, err = utils.ReadZSTD(decompressor, temp)
 		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
diff --git a/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader.go b/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader.go
index 380f1992d..1290f27fb 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/klauspost/compress/zstd"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common"
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	state_accessors "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/state"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state/lru"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/utils"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/turbo/snapshotsync/freezeblocks"
 	"github.com/spf13/afero"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
@@ -106,12 +108,12 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 	ret.SetLatestBlockHeader(blockHeader)
 
 	if err := r.readHistoryHashVector(tx, r.genesisState.BlockRoots(), slot, r.cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot, kv.BlockRoot, blockRoots); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read block roots: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetBlockRoots(blockRoots)
 
 	if err := r.readHistoryHashVector(tx, r.genesisState.StateRoots(), slot, r.cfg.SlotsPerHistoricalRoot, kv.StateRoot, stateRoots); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read state roots: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetStateRoots(stateRoots)
 
@@ -120,13 +122,13 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 		historicalRoots.Append(root)
 		return nil
 	}); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read historical roots: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetHistoricalRoots(historicalRoots)
 
 	// Eth1
-	eth1DataVotes := solid.NewDynamicListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data](int(r.cfg.Eth1DataVotesLength()))
-	if err := r.readEth1DataVotes(tx, slot, eth1DataVotes); err != nil {
+	eth1DataVotes := solid.NewStaticListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data](int(r.cfg.Eth1DataVotesLength()), 72)
+	if err := r.readEth1DataVotes(tx, minimalBeaconState.Eth1DataLength, slot, eth1DataVotes); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	ret.SetEth1DataVotes(eth1DataVotes)
@@ -135,30 +137,29 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 	// Registry (Validators + Balances)
 	balancesBytes, err := r.reconstructDiffedUint64List(tx, slot, kv.ValidatorBalance, "balances")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read validator balances: %w", err)
 	}
 	balances := solid.NewUint64ListSSZ(int(r.cfg.ValidatorRegistryLimit))
 	if err := balances.DecodeSSZ(balancesBytes, 0); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode validator balances: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetBalances(balances)
 
 	validatorSet, currActiveIdxs, prevActiveIdxs, err := r.readValidatorsForHistoricalState(tx, slot, minimalBeaconState.ValidatorLength)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read validators: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetValidators(validatorSet)
-
 	// Randomness
 	randaoMixes := solid.NewHashVector(int(r.cfg.EpochsPerHistoricalVector))
 	if err := r.readRandaoMixes(tx, slot, randaoMixes); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read randao mixes: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetRandaoMixes(randaoMixes)
 	// Slashings
 	slashings, err := r.reconstructDiffedUint64Vector(tx, slot, kv.ValidatorSlashings, int(r.cfg.EpochsPerSlashingsVector))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read slashings: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetSlashings(slashings)
 
@@ -180,43 +181,41 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 	ret.SetPreviousJustifiedCheckpoint(previousCheckpoint)
 	ret.SetCurrentJustifiedCheckpoint(currentCheckpoint)
 	ret.SetFinalizedCheckpoint(finalizedCheckpoint)
-
 	// Participation
 	if ret.Version() == clparams.Phase0Version {
 		currentAtts, previousAtts, err := r.readPendingEpochs(tx, slot, minimalBeaconState.CurrentEpochAttestationsLength, minimalBeaconState.PreviousEpochAttestationsLength)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read pending attestations: %w", err)
 		}
 		ret.SetCurrentEpochAttestations(currentAtts)
 		ret.SetPreviousEpochAttestations(previousAtts)
 	} else {
 		currentIdxs, previousIdxs, err := r.readPartecipations(tx, slot, minimalBeaconState.ValidatorLength, currActiveIdxs, prevActiveIdxs, ret, currentCheckpoint, previousCheckpoint)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read participations: %w", err)
 		}
 		ret.SetCurrentEpochParticipation(currentIdxs)
 		ret.SetPreviousEpochParticipation(previousIdxs)
 	}
 
 	if ret.Version() < clparams.AltairVersion {
-		return ret, nil
+		return ret, ret.InitBeaconState()
 	}
 	// Inactivity
 	inactivityScoresBytes, err := r.reconstructDiffedUint64List(tx, slot, kv.InactivityScores, "inactivity_scores")
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read inactivity scores: %w", err)
 	}
 	inactivityScores := solid.NewUint64ListSSZ(int(r.cfg.ValidatorRegistryLimit))
 	if err := inactivityScores.DecodeSSZ(inactivityScoresBytes, 0); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode inactivity scores: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetInactivityScoresRaw(inactivityScores)
-
 	// Sync
 	syncCommitteeSlot := r.cfg.RoundSlotToSyncCommitteePeriod(slot)
 	currentSyncCommittee, err := state_accessors.ReadCurrentSyncCommittee(tx, syncCommitteeSlot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read current sync committee: %w", err)
 	}
 	if currentSyncCommittee == nil {
 		currentSyncCommittee = r.genesisState.CurrentSyncCommittee()
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 
 	nextSyncCommittee, err := state_accessors.ReadNextSyncCommittee(tx, syncCommitteeSlot)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read next sync committee: %w", err)
 	}
 	if nextSyncCommittee == nil {
 		nextSyncCommittee = r.genesisState.NextSyncCommittee()
@@ -233,30 +232,30 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) ReadHistoricalState(ctx context.Context, tx kv.
 	ret.SetNextSyncCommittee(nextSyncCommittee)
 	// Execution
 	if ret.Version() < clparams.BellatrixVersion {
-		return ret, nil
+		return ret, ret.InitBeaconState()
 	}
 	payloadHeader, err := block.Block.Body.ExecutionPayload.PayloadHeader()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read payload header: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetLatestExecutionPayloadHeader(payloadHeader)
 	if ret.Version() < clparams.CapellaVersion {
-		return ret, nil
+		return ret, ret.InitBeaconState()
 	}
 
 	// Withdrawals
 	ret.SetNextWithdrawalIndex(minimalBeaconState.NextWithdrawalIndex)
 	ret.SetNextWithdrawalValidatorIndex(minimalBeaconState.NextWithdrawalValidatorIndex)
 	// Deep history valid from Capella onwards
-	historicalSummaries := solid.NewDynamicListSSZ[*cltypes.HistoricalSummary](int(r.cfg.HistoricalRootsLimit))
+	historicalSummaries := solid.NewStaticListSSZ[*cltypes.HistoricalSummary](int(r.cfg.HistoricalRootsLimit), 64)
 	if err := state_accessors.ReadHistoricalSummaries(tx, minimalBeaconState.HistoricalSummariesLength, func(idx int, historicalSummary *cltypes.HistoricalSummary) error {
 		historicalSummaries.Append(historicalSummary)
 		return nil
 	}); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read historical summaries: %w", err)
 	}
 	ret.SetHistoricalSummaries(historicalSummaries)
-	return ret, nil
+	return ret, ret.InitBeaconState()
 }
 
 func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readHistoryHashVector(tx kv.Tx, genesisVector solid.HashVectorSSZ, slot, size uint64, table string, out solid.HashVectorSSZ) (err error) {
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readHistoryHashVector(tx kv.Tx, genesisVector s
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readEth1DataVotes(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64, out *solid.ListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data]) error {
+func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readEth1DataVotes(tx kv.Tx, eth1DataVotesLength, slot uint64, out *solid.ListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data]) error {
 	initialSlot := r.cfg.RoundSlotToVotePeriod(slot)
 	initialKey := base_encoding.Encode64ToBytes4(initialSlot)
 	cursor, err := tx.Cursor(kv.Eth1DataVotes)
@@ -302,17 +301,19 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readEth1DataVotes(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64, out *s
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for initialSlot > base_encoding.Decode64FromBytes4(k) {
-		k, v, err = cursor.Next()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if k == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("eth1 data votes not found for slot %d", slot)
+	if initialSlot <= r.genesisState.Slot() {
+		// We need to prepend the genesis votes
+		for i := 0; i < r.genesisState.Eth1DataVotes().Len(); i++ {
+			out.Append(r.genesisState.Eth1DataVotes().Get(i))
 		}
 	}
+
 	endSlot := r.cfg.RoundSlotToVotePeriod(slot + r.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch*r.cfg.EpochsPerEth1VotingPeriod)
+
 	for k != nil && base_encoding.Decode64FromBytes4(k) < endSlot {
+		if out.Len() >= int(eth1DataVotesLength) {
+			break
+		}
 		eth1Data := &cltypes.Eth1Data{}
 		if err := eth1Data.DecodeSSZ(v, 0); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -394,13 +395,10 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) reconstructDiffedUint64List(tx kv.Tx, slot uint
 	}
 	currentList := make([]byte, lenRaw)
 
-	if _, err := zstdReader.Read(currentList); err != nil {
+	if _, err = utils.ReadZSTD(zstdReader, currentList); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if freshDumpSlot == slot {
-		return currentList, nil
-	}
 	// now start diffing
 	diffCursor, err := tx.Cursor(diffBucket)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -453,20 +451,16 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) reconstructDiffedUint64Vector(tx kv.Tx, slot ui
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer zstdReader.Close()
-
 	currentList := make([]byte, size*8)
 	var n int
-	if n, err = zstdReader.Read(currentList); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-		return nil, err
+
+	if n, err = utils.ReadZSTD(zstdReader, currentList); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read dump: %w, len: %d", err, len(v))
 	}
 	if n != size*8 {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if freshDumpSlot == slot {
-		return out, out.DecodeSSZ(currentList, 0)
-	}
-
 	for k, v, err := diffCursor.Next(); err == nil && k != nil && base_encoding.Decode64FromBytes4(k) <= slot; k, v, err = diffCursor.Next() {
 		if len(k) != 4 {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid key %x", k)
@@ -509,6 +503,8 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readValidatorsForHistoricalState(tx kv.Tx, slot
 		}
 		return true
 	})
+	// Read the balances
+
 	bytesEffectiveBalances, err := r.reconstructDiffedUint64List(tx, slot, kv.ValidatorEffectiveBalance, "effective_balances")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, err
@@ -550,6 +546,22 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readPartecipations(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64, valid
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
+	// trigger the cache for shuffled sets in parallel
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		_, _ = r.computeCommittee(ret.RandaoMixes(), currentActiveIndicies, slot, r.cfg.TargetCommitteeSize, 0)
+	}()
+	if slot > r.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_, _ = r.computeCommittee(ret.RandaoMixes(), previousActiveIndicies, slot-r.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch, r.cfg.TargetCommitteeSize, 0)
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
 	// Read the previous idxs
 	for i := beginSlot; i <= slot; i++ {
 		// Read the block
@@ -560,6 +572,7 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readPartecipations(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64, valid
 		if block == nil {
 			continue
 		}
+		ret.SetSlot(i)
 		currentEpoch := slot / r.cfg.SlotsPerEpoch
 		// Read the participation flags
 		block.Block.Body.Attestations.Range(func(index int, attestation *solid.Attestation, length int) bool {
@@ -630,7 +643,7 @@ func (r *HistoricalStatesReader) readPreviousPartecipation(slot, validatorLength
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if _, err = zstdReader.Read(out); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+	if _, err = utils.ReadZSTD(zstdReader, out); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	ret := solid.NewBitList(0, int(r.cfg.ValidatorRegistryLimit))
diff --git a/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader_test.go b/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader_test.go
index 970b928fe..13b51fbf1 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader_test.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader/historical_states_reader_test.go
@@ -28,13 +28,15 @@ func runTest(t *testing.T, blocks []*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, preState, postSt
 	f := afero.NewMemMapFs()
 	a := antiquary.NewAntiquary(ctx, preState, vt, &clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig, datadir.New("/tmp"), nil, db, nil, reader, nil, log.New(), true, f)
 	require.NoError(t, a.IncrementBeaconState(ctx, blocks[len(blocks)-1].Block.Slot+33))
-
 	// Now lets test it against the reader
-	hr := historical_states_reader.NewHistoricalStatesReader(&clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig, reader, vt, f, preState)
 	tx, err := db.BeginRw(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer tx.Rollback()
 
+	vt = state_accessors.NewStaticValidatorTable()
+	require.NoError(t, state_accessors.ReadValidatorsTable(tx, vt))
+	hr := historical_states_reader.NewHistoricalStatesReader(&clparams.MainnetBeaconConfig, reader, vt, f, preState)
+
 	s, err := hr.ReadHistoricalState(ctx, tx, blocks[len(blocks)-1].Block.Slot)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -43,17 +45,22 @@ func runTest(t *testing.T, blocks []*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, preState, postSt
 	postHash2, err := postState.HashSSZ()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, libcommon.Hash(postHash2), libcommon.Hash(postHash))
-
 }
 
 func TestStateAntiquaryCapella(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip()
+	//t.Skip()
 	blocks, preState, postState := tests.GetCapellaRandom()
 	runTest(t, blocks, preState, postState)
 }
 
 func TestStateAntiquaryPhase0(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip()
+	// t.Skip()
 	blocks, preState, postState := tests.GetPhase0Random()
 	runTest(t, blocks, preState, postState)
 }
+
+func TestStateAntiquaryBellatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	// t.Skip()
+	blocks, preState, postState := tests.GetBellatrixRandom()
+	runTest(t, blocks, preState, postState)
+}
diff --git a/cl/persistence/state/state_accessors.go b/cl/persistence/state/state_accessors.go
index d5301323e..6155bde33 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/state/state_accessors.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/state/state_accessors.go
@@ -265,3 +265,34 @@ func ReadPreviousEpochAttestations(tx kv.Tx, slot uint64, limit int) (*solid.Lis
 	}
 	return attestations, nil
 }
+
+func ReadValidatorsTable(tx kv.Tx, out *StaticValidatorTable) error {
+	cursor, err := tx.Cursor(kv.StaticValidators)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer cursor.Close()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	for k, v, err := cursor.First(); err == nil && k != nil; k, v, err = cursor.Next() {
+		staticValidator := &StaticValidator{}
+		buf.Reset()
+		if _, err := buf.Write(v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := staticValidator.ReadFrom(&buf); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		out.validatorTable = append(out.validatorTable, staticValidator)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	slot, err := GetStateProcessingProgress(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	out.slot = slot
+	return err
+
+}
diff --git a/cl/persistence/state/static_validator_table.go b/cl/persistence/state/static_validator_table.go
index f1f327ed0..5e32b890e 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/state/static_validator_table.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/state/static_validator_table.go
@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@ func NewStaticValidatorTable() *StaticValidatorTable {
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddValidator(v solid.Validator, validatorIndex, slot uint64) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	s.validatorTable = append(s.validatorTable, NewStaticValidatorFromValidator(v, slot))
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
@@ -236,6 +239,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddValidator(v solid.Validator, validatorIndex, s
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddWithdrawalCredentials(validatorIndex, slot uint64, withdrawalCredentials libcommon.Hash) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -246,6 +252,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddWithdrawalCredentials(validatorIndex, slot uin
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddSlashed(validatorIndex, slot uint64, slashed bool) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -256,6 +265,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddSlashed(validatorIndex, slot uint64, slashed b
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddActivationEligibility(validatorIndex, slot uint64, activationEligibility uint64) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -266,6 +278,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddActivationEligibility(validatorIndex, slot uin
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddActivationEpoch(validatorIndex, slot uint64, activationEpoch uint64) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -276,6 +291,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddActivationEpoch(validatorIndex, slot uint64, a
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddExitEpoch(validatorIndex, slot uint64, exitEpoch uint64) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -286,6 +304,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddExitEpoch(validatorIndex, slot uint64, exitEpo
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) AddWithdrawableEpoch(validatorIndex, slot uint64, withdrawableEpoch uint64) error {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	if validatorIndex >= uint64(len(s.validatorTable)) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validator index mismatch")
 	}
@@ -355,6 +376,9 @@ func (s *StaticValidatorTable) GetStaticValidator(validatorIndex uint64) *Static
 func (s *StaticValidatorTable) SetSlot(slot uint64) {
 	s.sync.Lock()
 	defer s.sync.Unlock()
+	if slot <= s.slot && s.slot != 0 {
+		return
+	}
 	s.slot = slot
 }
 
diff --git a/cl/persistence/state/validator_events_test.go b/cl/persistence/state/validator_events_test.go
index 893c7a786..b36be719f 100644
--- a/cl/persistence/state/validator_events_test.go
+++ b/cl/persistence/state/validator_events_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package state_accessors
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
 	libcommon "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common"
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ func TestStateEvents(t *testing.T) {
 	events.ChangeSlashed(2, true)
 	// Ok now lets replay it.
 	ReplayEvents(func(validatorIndex uint64, validator solid.Validator) error {
-		fmt.Println(validator)
 		require.Equal(t, validator, solid.NewValidator())
 		return nil
 	}, func(validatorIndex, exitEpoch uint64) error {
diff --git a/cl/phase1/core/state/cache.go b/cl/phase1/core/state/cache.go
index b69956fe7..fcd410f08 100644
--- a/cl/phase1/core/state/cache.go
+++ b/cl/phase1/core/state/cache.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func New(cfg *clparams.BeaconChainConfig) *CachingBeaconState {
 	state := &CachingBeaconState{
 		BeaconState: raw.New(cfg),
 	}
-	state.initBeaconState()
+	state.InitBeaconState()
 	return state
 }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func NewFromRaw(r *raw.BeaconState) *CachingBeaconState {
 	state := &CachingBeaconState{
 		BeaconState: r,
 	}
-	state.initBeaconState()
+	state.InitBeaconState()
 	return state
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func (b *CachingBeaconState) initCaches() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (b *CachingBeaconState) initBeaconState() error {
+func (b *CachingBeaconState) InitBeaconState() error {
 	b._refreshActiveBalances()
 
 	b.publicKeyIndicies = make(map[[48]byte]uint64)
diff --git a/cl/phase1/core/state/cache_accessors.go b/cl/phase1/core/state/cache_accessors.go
index f777dacac..df6c7d530 100644
--- a/cl/phase1/core/state/cache_accessors.go
+++ b/cl/phase1/core/state/cache_accessors.go
@@ -146,7 +146,16 @@ func (b *CachingBeaconState) GetAttestationParticipationFlagIndicies(data solid.
 	}
 	// Matching roots
 	if !data.Source().Equal(justifiedCheckpoint) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAttestationParticipationFlagIndicies: source does not match")
+		// jsonify the data.Source and justifiedCheckpoint
+		jsonSource, err := data.Source().MarshalJSON()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		jsonJustifiedCheckpoint, err := justifiedCheckpoint.MarshalJSON()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAttestationParticipationFlagIndicies: source does not match. source: %s, justifiedCheckpoint: %s", jsonSource, jsonJustifiedCheckpoint)
 	}
 	targetRoot, err := GetBlockRoot(b, data.Target().Epoch())
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/cl/phase1/core/state/copy.go b/cl/phase1/core/state/copy.go
index ebf0a111b..de4ecd635 100644
--- a/cl/phase1/core/state/copy.go
+++ b/cl/phase1/core/state/copy.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func (b *CachingBeaconState) CopyInto(bs *CachingBeaconState) (err error) {
 
 func (b *CachingBeaconState) copyCachesInto(bs *CachingBeaconState) error {
 	if b.Version() == clparams.Phase0Version {
-		return bs.initBeaconState()
+		return bs.InitBeaconState()
 	}
 	if bs.publicKeyIndicies == nil {
 		bs.publicKeyIndicies = make(map[[48]byte]uint64)
diff --git a/cl/phase1/core/state/raw/copy.go b/cl/phase1/core/state/raw/copy.go
index f491ea1f5..86aa9e5e7 100644
--- a/cl/phase1/core/state/raw/copy.go
+++ b/cl/phase1/core/state/raw/copy.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func (b *BeaconState) CopyInto(dst *BeaconState) error {
 	b.stateRoots.CopyTo(dst.stateRoots)
 	b.historicalRoots.CopyTo(dst.historicalRoots)
 	dst.eth1Data = b.eth1Data.Copy()
-	dst.eth1DataVotes = solid.NewDynamicListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data](int(b.beaconConfig.Eth1DataVotesLength()))
+	dst.eth1DataVotes = solid.NewStaticListSSZ[*cltypes.Eth1Data](int(b.beaconConfig.Eth1DataVotesLength()), 72)
 	b.eth1DataVotes.Range(func(index int, value *cltypes.Eth1Data, length int) bool {
 		dst.eth1DataVotes.Append(value.Copy())
 		return true
diff --git a/cl/phase1/core/state/ssz.go b/cl/phase1/core/state/ssz.go
index 81b09c748..057666abf 100644
--- a/cl/phase1/core/state/ssz.go
+++ b/cl/phase1/core/state/ssz.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func (b *CachingBeaconState) DecodeSSZ(buf []byte, version int) error {
 	sz := metrics.NewHistTimer("decode_ssz_beacon_state_size")
 	sz.Observe(float64(len(buf)))
 	h.PutSince()
-	return b.initBeaconState()
+	return b.InitBeaconState()
 }
 
 // SSZ size of the Beacon State
diff --git a/cl/rpc/rpc.go b/cl/rpc/rpc.go
index c71501dbb..0ada88e81 100644
--- a/cl/rpc/rpc.go
+++ b/cl/rpc/rpc.go
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (b *BeaconRpcP2P) SendBeaconBlocksByRangeReq(ctx context.Context, start, co
 
 // SendBeaconBlocksByRootReq retrieves blocks by root from beacon chain.
 func (b *BeaconRpcP2P) SendBeaconBlocksByRootReq(ctx context.Context, roots [][32]byte) ([]*cltypes.SignedBeaconBlock, string, error) {
-	var req solid.HashListSSZ = solid.NewHashList(69696969)
+	var req solid.HashListSSZ = solid.NewHashList(69696969) // The number is used for hashing, it is innofensive here.
 	for _, root := range roots {
 		req.Append(root)
 	}
diff --git a/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/finality.go b/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/finality.go
index a313c8a72..9a1de019a 100644
--- a/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/finality.go
+++ b/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/finality.go
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package consensus_tests
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/transition/machine"
-	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/spectest"
 	"io/fs"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/transition/machine"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/spectest"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
diff --git a/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/ssz_static.go b/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/ssz_static.go
index 939078efe..a1512837d 100644
--- a/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/ssz_static.go
+++ b/cl/spectest/consensus_tests/ssz_static.go
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ func getSSZStaticConsensusTest[T unmarshalerMarshalerHashable](ref T) spectest.H
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.EqualValues(t, expectedRoot, haveRoot)
 		// Cannot test it without a config.
-		// TODO: parse and use config
 		if isBeaconState {
 			return nil
 		}
diff --git a/cl/ssz/decode.go b/cl/ssz/decode.go
index 1cd1b2e46..1308081ad 100644
--- a/cl/ssz/decode.go
+++ b/cl/ssz/decode.go
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ func UnmarshalSSZ(buf []byte, version int, schema ...interface{}) (err error) {
 	// 		err = fmt.Errorf("panic while decoding: %v", err2)
 	// 	}
 	// }()
-
 	position := 0
 	offsets := []int{}
 	dynamicObjs := []SizedObjectSSZ{}
diff --git a/cl/ssz/encode.go b/cl/ssz/encode.go
index 2f851f1d2..38b57a8a1 100644
--- a/cl/ssz/encode.go
+++ b/cl/ssz/encode.go
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ func MarshalSSZ(buf []byte, schema ...any) (dst []byte, err error) {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("panic while encoding: %v", err2)
 		}
 	}()
+
 	dst = buf
 	currentOffset := 0
 	dynamicComponents := []SizedObjectSSZ{}
diff --git a/cl/transition/impl/eth2/operations.go b/cl/transition/impl/eth2/operations.go
index 1a1ea5224..e872cbe45 100644
--- a/cl/transition/impl/eth2/operations.go
+++ b/cl/transition/impl/eth2/operations.go
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ func processSyncAggregate(s abstract.BeaconState, sync *cltypes.SyncAggregate) (
 			vIdx, exists := s.ValidatorIndexByPubkey(committeeKeys[currPubKeyIndex])
 			// Impossible scenario.
 			if !exists {
-				return nil, errors.New("validator public key does not exist in state")
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("validator public key does not exist in state: %x", committeeKeys[currPubKeyIndex])
 			}
 			if syncAggregateBits[i]&byte(bit) > 0 {
 				votedKeys = append(votedKeys, committeeKeys[currPubKeyIndex][:])
diff --git a/cl/utils/bytes.go b/cl/utils/bytes.go
index 417fe4b58..387bad6f5 100644
--- a/cl/utils/bytes.go
+++ b/cl/utils/bytes.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ package utils
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"math/bits"
 
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/types/ssz"
@@ -103,3 +104,17 @@ func GetBitlistLength(b []byte) int {
 	// bit. Subtract this value by 1 to determine the length of the bitlist.
 	return 8*(len(b)-1) + msb - 1
 }
+
+func ReadZSTD(r io.Reader, out []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := 0
+	var err error
+	for n != len(out) {
+		var m int
+		m, err = r.Read(out[n:])
+		n += m
+		if err != nil {
+			return n, err
+		}
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/capcli/cli.go b/cmd/capcli/cli.go
index bfbd85bcb..30ff9186f 100644
--- a/cmd/capcli/cli.go
+++ b/cmd/capcli/cli.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/turbo/debug"
 
 	lg "github.com/anacrolix/log"
+	libcommon "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/direct"
 	downloader3 "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/downloader"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/metrics"
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/abstract"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/antiquary"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/clparams"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/clparams/initial_state"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/cltypes"
 	persistence2 "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cmd/caplin/caplin1"
@@ -40,6 +43,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/beacon_indicies"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/db_config"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/format/snapshot_format"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/format/snapshot_format/getters"
+	state_accessors "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/state"
+	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/persistence/state/historical_states_reader"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/core/state"
 	"github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/cl/phase1/network"
@@ -64,11 +70,12 @@ var CLI struct {
 	Blocks Blocks `cmd:"" help:"download blocks from reqresp network"`
 	Epochs Epochs `cmd:"" help:"download epochs from reqresp network"`
 
-	Chain             Chain             `cmd:"" help:"download the entire chain from reqresp network"`
-	DumpSnapshots     DumpSnapshots     `cmd:"" help:"generate caplin snapshots"`
-	CheckSnapshots    CheckSnapshots    `cmd:"" help:"check snapshot folder against content of chain data"`
-	DownloadSnapshots DownloadSnapshots `cmd:"" help:"download snapshots from webseed"`
-	LoopSnapshots     LoopSnapshots     `cmd:"" help:"loop over snapshots"`
+	Chain                   Chain                   `cmd:"" help:"download the entire chain from reqresp network"`
+	DumpSnapshots           DumpSnapshots           `cmd:"" help:"generate caplin snapshots"`
+	CheckSnapshots          CheckSnapshots          `cmd:"" help:"check snapshot folder against content of chain data"`
+	DownloadSnapshots       DownloadSnapshots       `cmd:"" help:"download snapshots from webseed"`
+	LoopSnapshots           LoopSnapshots           `cmd:"" help:"loop over snapshots"`
+	RetrieveHistoricalState RetrieveHistoricalState `cmd:"" help:"retrieve historical state from db"`
 }
 
 type chainCfg struct {
@@ -650,3 +657,97 @@ func (d *DownloadSnapshots) Run(ctx *Context) error {
 	}
 	return snapshotsync.WaitForDownloader("CapCliDownloader", ctx, false, snapshotsync.OnlyCaplin, s, tx, freezeblocks.NewBlockReader(freezeblocks.NewRoSnapshots(ethconfig.NewSnapCfg(false, false, false), dirs.Snap, log.Root()), freezeblocks.NewBorRoSnapshots(ethconfig.NewSnapCfg(false, false, false), dirs.Snap, log.Root())), nil, params.ChainConfigByChainName(d.Chain), direct.NewDownloaderClient(bittorrentServer))
 }
+
+type RetrieveHistoricalState struct {
+	chainCfg
+	outputFolder
+	CompareFile string `help:"compare file" default:""`
+	CompareSlot uint64 `help:"compare slot" default:"0"`
+}
+
+func (r *RetrieveHistoricalState) Run(ctx *Context) error {
+	vt := state_accessors.NewStaticValidatorTable()
+	_, _, beaconConfig, t, err := clparams.GetConfigsByNetworkName(r.Chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	dirs := datadir.New(r.Datadir)
+	rawDB, fs := persistence.AferoRawBeaconBlockChainFromOsPath(beaconConfig, dirs.CaplinHistory)
+	beaconDB, db, err := caplin1.OpenCaplinDatabase(ctx, db_config.DatabaseConfiguration{PruneDepth: math.MaxUint64}, beaconConfig, rawDB, dirs.CaplinIndexing, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.LvlDebug, log.StderrHandler))
+
+	tx, err := db.BeginRo(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	allSnapshots := freezeblocks.NewRoSnapshots(ethconfig.BlocksFreezing{}, dirs.Snap, log.Root())
+	if err := allSnapshots.ReopenFolder(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := state_accessors.ReadValidatorsTable(tx, vt); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Println(allSnapshots.BlocksAvailable(), allSnapshots.Dir())
+
+	var bor *freezeblocks.BorRoSnapshots
+	blockReader := freezeblocks.NewBlockReader(allSnapshots, bor)
+	eth1Getter := getters.NewExecutionSnapshotReader(ctx, blockReader, db)
+	csn := freezeblocks.NewCaplinSnapshots(ethconfig.BlocksFreezing{}, dirs.Snap, log.Root())
+	if err := csn.ReopenFolder(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	snr := freezeblocks.NewBeaconSnapshotReader(csn, eth1Getter, beaconDB, beaconConfig)
+	gSpot, err := initial_state.GetGenesisState(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	hr := historical_states_reader.NewHistoricalStatesReader(beaconConfig, snr, vt, fs, gSpot)
+	start := time.Now()
+	haveState, err := hr.ReadHistoricalState(ctx, tx, r.CompareSlot)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	v := haveState.Version()
+	// encode and decode the state
+	enc, err := haveState.EncodeSSZ(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	haveState = state.New(beaconConfig)
+	if err := haveState.DecodeSSZ(enc, int(v)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	endTime := time.Since(start)
+	hRoot, err := haveState.HashSSZ()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Info("Got state", "slot", haveState.Slot(), "root", libcommon.Hash(hRoot), "elapsed", endTime)
+	if r.CompareFile == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read the content of CompareFile in a []byte  without afero
+	rawBytes, err := os.ReadFile(r.CompareFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Decode the []byte into a state
+	wantState := state.New(beaconConfig)
+	if err := wantState.DecodeSSZ(rawBytes, int(haveState.Version())); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wRoot, err := wantState.HashSSZ()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if hRoot != wRoot {
+		return fmt.Errorf("state mismatch: got %s, want %s", libcommon.Hash(hRoot), libcommon.Hash(wRoot))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/caplin/caplin1/run.go b/cmd/caplin/caplin1/run.go
index be09dab6c..0aba101d0 100644
--- a/cmd/caplin/caplin1/run.go
+++ b/cmd/caplin/caplin1/run.go
@@ -109,22 +109,6 @@ func RunCaplinPhase1(ctx context.Context, sentinel sentinel.SentinelClient, engi
 		}
 	}
 
-	vTables := state_accessors.NewStaticValidatorTable()
-	// get the initial state
-	genesisState, err := initial_state.GetGenesisState(clparams.NetworkType(beaconConfig.DepositNetworkID))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	antiq := antiquary.NewAntiquary(ctx, genesisState, vTables, beaconConfig, dirs, snDownloader, db, csn, rcsn, beaconDB, logger, states, af)
-	// Create the antiquary
-	if backfilling {
-		go func() {
-			if err := antiq.Loop(); err != nil {
-				logger.Error("Antiquary failed", "err", err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
 	pool := pool.NewOperationsPool(beaconConfig)
 
 	caplinFcuPath := path.Join(dirs.Tmp, "caplin-forkchoice")
@@ -218,6 +202,26 @@ func RunCaplinPhase1(ctx context.Context, sentinel sentinel.SentinelClient, engi
 		return err
 	}
 
+	vTables := state_accessors.NewStaticValidatorTable()
+	// Read the the current table
+	if states {
+		if err := state_accessors.ReadValidatorsTable(tx, vTables); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	// get the initial state
+	genesisState, err := initial_state.GetGenesisState(clparams.NetworkType(beaconConfig.DepositNetworkID))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	antiq := antiquary.NewAntiquary(ctx, genesisState, vTables, beaconConfig, dirs, snDownloader, db, csn, rcsn, beaconDB, logger, states, af)
+	// Create the antiquary
+	go func() {
+		if err := antiq.Loop(); err != nil {
+			logger.Error("Antiquary failed", "err", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
 	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}