// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. // // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or // (at your option) any later version. // // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. // // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see . package core import ( "context" "crypto/ecdsa" "embed" "encoding/binary" "encoding/json" "fmt" "math/big" "sync" "github.com/c2h5oh/datasize" "github.com/holiman/uint256" "github.com/ledgerwatch/log/v3" "golang.org/x/exp/slices" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/chain" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/chain/networkname" libcommon "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/common/hexutil" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/kv" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/kv/kvcfg" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/kv/mdbx" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon-lib/kv/rawdbv3" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/common" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/consensus/ethash" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/consensus/merge" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/core/rawdb" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/core/state" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/core/types" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/crypto" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/eth/ethconfig" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/params" "github.com/ledgerwatch/erigon/turbo/trie" ) // CommitGenesisBlock writes or updates the genesis block in db. // The block that will be used is: // // genesis == nil genesis != nil // +------------------------------------------ // db has no genesis | main-net | genesis // db has genesis | from DB | genesis (if compatible) // // The stored chain configuration will be updated if it is compatible (i.e. does not // specify a fork block below the local head block). In case of a conflict, the // error is a *params.ConfigCompatError and the new, unwritten config is returned. // // The returned chain configuration is never nil. func CommitGenesisBlock(db kv.RwDB, genesis *types.Genesis, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*chain.Config, *types.Block, error) { return CommitGenesisBlockWithOverride(db, genesis, nil, tmpDir, logger) } func CommitGenesisBlockWithOverride(db kv.RwDB, genesis *types.Genesis, overrideCancunTime *big.Int, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*chain.Config, *types.Block, error) { tx, err := db.BeginRw(context.Background()) if err != nil { return nil, nil, err } defer tx.Rollback() c, b, err := WriteGenesisBlock(tx, genesis, overrideCancunTime, tmpDir, logger) if err != nil { return c, b, err } err = tx.Commit() if err != nil { return c, b, err } return c, b, nil } func WriteGenesisBlock(tx kv.RwTx, genesis *types.Genesis, overrideCancunTime *big.Int, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*chain.Config, *types.Block, error) { var storedBlock *types.Block if genesis != nil && genesis.Config == nil { return params.AllProtocolChanges, nil, types.ErrGenesisNoConfig } // Just commit the new block if there is no stored genesis block. storedHash, storedErr := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(tx, 0) if storedErr != nil { return nil, nil, storedErr } applyOverrides := func(config *chain.Config) { if overrideCancunTime != nil { config.CancunTime = overrideCancunTime } } if (storedHash == libcommon.Hash{}) { custom := true if genesis == nil { logger.Info("Writing main-net genesis block") genesis = MainnetGenesisBlock() custom = false } applyOverrides(genesis.Config) block, _, err1 := write(tx, genesis, tmpDir, logger) if err1 != nil { return genesis.Config, nil, err1 } if custom { logger.Info("Writing custom genesis block", "hash", block.Hash().String()) } return genesis.Config, block, nil } // Check whether the genesis block is already written. if genesis != nil { block, _, err1 := GenesisToBlock(genesis, tmpDir, logger) if err1 != nil { return genesis.Config, nil, err1 } hash := block.Hash() if hash != storedHash { return genesis.Config, block, &types.GenesisMismatchError{Stored: storedHash, New: hash} } } number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(tx, storedHash) if number != nil { var err error storedBlock, _, err = rawdb.ReadBlockWithSenders(tx, storedHash, *number) if err != nil { return genesis.Config, nil, err } } // Get the existing chain configuration. newCfg := genesis.ConfigOrDefault(storedHash) applyOverrides(newCfg) if err := newCfg.CheckConfigForkOrder(); err != nil { return newCfg, nil, err } storedCfg, storedErr := rawdb.ReadChainConfig(tx, storedHash) if storedErr != nil && newCfg.Bor == nil { return newCfg, nil, storedErr } if storedCfg == nil { logger.Warn("Found genesis block without chain config") err1 := rawdb.WriteChainConfig(tx, storedHash, newCfg) if err1 != nil { return newCfg, nil, err1 } return newCfg, storedBlock, nil } // Special case: don't change the existing config of a private chain if no new // config is supplied. This is useful, for example, to preserve DB config created by erigon init. // In that case, only apply the overrides. if genesis == nil && params.ChainConfigByGenesisHash(storedHash) == nil { newCfg = storedCfg applyOverrides(newCfg) } // Check config compatibility and write the config. Compatibility errors // are returned to the caller unless we're already at block zero. height := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(tx, rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(tx)) if height != nil { compatibilityErr := storedCfg.CheckCompatible(newCfg, *height) if compatibilityErr != nil && *height != 0 && compatibilityErr.RewindTo != 0 { return newCfg, storedBlock, compatibilityErr } } if err := rawdb.WriteChainConfig(tx, storedHash, newCfg); err != nil { return newCfg, nil, err } return newCfg, storedBlock, nil } func WriteGenesisState(g *types.Genesis, tx kv.RwTx, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*types.Block, *state.IntraBlockState, error) { block, statedb, err := GenesisToBlock(g, tmpDir, logger) if err != nil { return nil, nil, err } histV3, err := kvcfg.HistoryV3.Enabled(tx) if err != nil { panic(err) } var stateWriter state.StateWriter if ethconfig.EnableHistoryV4InTest { panic("implement me") //tx.(*temporal.Tx).Agg().SetTxNum(0) //stateWriter = state.NewWriterV4(tx.(kv.TemporalTx)) //defer tx.(*temporal.Tx).Agg().StartUnbufferedWrites().FinishWrites() } else { for addr, account := range g.Alloc { if len(account.Code) > 0 || len(account.Storage) > 0 { // Special case for weird tests - inaccessible storage var b [8]byte binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[:], state.FirstContractIncarnation) if err := tx.Put(kv.IncarnationMap, addr[:], b[:]); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } } } stateWriter = state.NewPlainStateWriter(tx, tx, 0) } if block.Number().Sign() != 0 { return nil, statedb, fmt.Errorf("can't commit genesis block with number > 0") } if err := statedb.CommitBlock(&chain.Rules{}, stateWriter); err != nil { return nil, statedb, fmt.Errorf("cannot write state: %w", err) } if !histV3 { if csw, ok := stateWriter.(state.WriterWithChangeSets); ok { if err := csw.WriteChangeSets(); err != nil { return nil, statedb, fmt.Errorf("cannot write change sets: %w", err) } if err := csw.WriteHistory(); err != nil { return nil, statedb, fmt.Errorf("cannot write history: %w", err) } } } return block, statedb, nil } func MustCommitGenesis(g *types.Genesis, db kv.RwDB, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) *types.Block { tx, err := db.BeginRw(context.Background()) if err != nil { panic(err) } defer tx.Rollback() block, _, err := write(tx, g, tmpDir, logger) if err != nil { panic(err) } err = tx.Commit() if err != nil { panic(err) } return block } // Write writes the block and state of a genesis specification to the database. // The block is committed as the canonical head block. func write(tx kv.RwTx, g *types.Genesis, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*types.Block, *state.IntraBlockState, error) { block, statedb, err2 := WriteGenesisState(g, tx, tmpDir, logger) if err2 != nil { return block, statedb, err2 } config := g.Config if config == nil { config = params.AllProtocolChanges } if err := config.CheckConfigForkOrder(); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdb.WriteBlock(tx, block); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdb.WriteTd(tx, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), g.Difficulty); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdbv3.TxNums.WriteForGenesis(tx, 1); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdb.WriteReceipts(tx, block.NumberU64(), nil); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(tx, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(tx, block.Hash()) if err := rawdb.WriteHeadHeaderHash(tx, block.Hash()); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } if err := rawdb.WriteChainConfig(tx, block.Hash(), config); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } // We support ethash/merge for issuance (for now) if g.Config.Consensus != chain.EtHashConsensus { return block, statedb, nil } // Issuance is the sum of allocs genesisIssuance := big.NewInt(0) for _, account := range g.Alloc { genesisIssuance.Add(genesisIssuance, account.Balance) } // BlockReward can be present at genesis if block.Header().Difficulty.Cmp(merge.ProofOfStakeDifficulty) != 0 { blockReward, _ := ethash.AccumulateRewards(g.Config, block.Header(), nil) // Set BlockReward genesisIssuance.Add(genesisIssuance, blockReward.ToBig()) } if err := rawdb.WriteTotalIssued(tx, 0, genesisIssuance); err != nil { return nil, nil, err } return block, statedb, rawdb.WriteTotalBurnt(tx, 0, libcommon.Big0) } // GenesisBlockForTesting creates and writes a block in which addr has the given wei balance. func GenesisBlockForTesting(db kv.RwDB, addr libcommon.Address, balance *big.Int, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) *types.Block { g := types.Genesis{Alloc: types.GenesisAlloc{addr: {Balance: balance}}, Config: params.TestChainConfig} block := MustCommitGenesis(&g, db, tmpDir, logger) return block } type GenAccount struct { Addr libcommon.Address Balance *big.Int } func GenesisWithAccounts(db kv.RwDB, accs []GenAccount, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) *types.Block { g := types.Genesis{Config: params.TestChainConfig} allocs := make(map[libcommon.Address]types.GenesisAccount) for _, acc := range accs { allocs[acc.Addr] = types.GenesisAccount{Balance: acc.Balance} } g.Alloc = allocs block := MustCommitGenesis(&g, db, tmpDir, logger) return block } // MainnetGenesisBlock returns the Ethereum main net genesis block. func MainnetGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.MainnetChainConfig, Nonce: 66, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x11bbe8db4e347b4e8c937c1c8370e4b5ed33adb3db69cbdb7a38e1e50b1b82fa"), GasLimit: 5000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(17179869184), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/mainnet.json"), } } // HoleskyGenesisBlock returns the Holesky main net genesis block. func HoleskyGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.HoleskyChainConfig, Nonce: 4660, GasLimit: 25000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Timestamp: 1695902100, Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/holesky.json"), } } // SepoliaGenesisBlock returns the Sepolia network genesis block. func SepoliaGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.SepoliaChainConfig, Nonce: 0, ExtraData: []byte("Sepolia, Athens, Attica, Greece!"), GasLimit: 30000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(131072), Timestamp: 1633267481, Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/sepolia.json"), } } // GoerliGenesisBlock returns the Görli network genesis block. func GoerliGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.GoerliChainConfig, Timestamp: 1548854791, ExtraData: hexutil.MustDecode("0x22466c6578692069732061207468696e6722202d204166726900000000000000e0a2bd4258d2768837baa26a28fe71dc079f84c70000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), GasLimit: 10485760, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/goerli.json"), } } // MumbaiGenesisBlock returns the Amoy network genesis block. func MumbaiGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.MumbaiChainConfig, Nonce: 0, Timestamp: 1558348305, GasLimit: 10000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Mixhash: libcommon.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Coinbase: libcommon.HexToAddress("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/mumbai.json"), } } // AmoyGenesisBlock returns the Amoy network genesis block. func AmoyGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.AmoyChainConfig, Nonce: 0, Timestamp: 1700225065, GasLimit: 10000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Mixhash: libcommon.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Coinbase: libcommon.HexToAddress("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/amoy.json"), } } // BorMainnetGenesisBlock returns the Bor Mainnet network genesis block. func BorMainnetGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.BorMainnetChainConfig, Nonce: 0, Timestamp: 1590824836, GasLimit: 10000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Mixhash: libcommon.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Coinbase: libcommon.HexToAddress("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/bor_mainnet.json"), } } func BorDevnetGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.BorDevnetChainConfig, Nonce: 0, Timestamp: 1558348305, GasLimit: 10000000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Mixhash: libcommon.HexToHash("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Coinbase: libcommon.HexToAddress("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/bor_devnet.json"), } } func GnosisGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.GnosisChainConfig, Timestamp: 0, AuRaSeal: common.FromHex("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), GasLimit: 0x989680, Difficulty: big.NewInt(0x20000), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/gnosis.json"), } } func ChiadoGenesisBlock() *types.Genesis { return &types.Genesis{ Config: params.ChiadoChainConfig, Timestamp: 0, AuRaSeal: common.FromHex("0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"), GasLimit: 0x989680, Difficulty: big.NewInt(0x20000), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/chiado.json"), } } // Pre-calculated version of: // // DevnetSignPrivateKey = crypto.HexToECDSA(sha256.Sum256([]byte("erigon devnet key"))) // DevnetEtherbase=crypto.PubkeyToAddress(DevnetSignPrivateKey.PublicKey) var DevnetSignPrivateKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("26e86e45f6fc45ec6e2ecd128cec80fa1d1505e5507dcd2ae58c3130a7a97b48") var DevnetEtherbase = libcommon.HexToAddress("67b1d87101671b127f5f8714789c7192f7ad340e") // DevnetSignKey is defined like this to allow the devnet process to pre-allocate keys // for nodes and then pass the address via --miner.etherbase - the function will be called // to retieve the mining key var DevnetSignKey = func(address libcommon.Address) *ecdsa.PrivateKey { return DevnetSignPrivateKey } // DeveloperGenesisBlock returns the 'geth --dev' genesis block. func DeveloperGenesisBlock(period uint64, faucet libcommon.Address) *types.Genesis { // Override the default period to the user requested one config := *params.AllCliqueProtocolChanges config.Clique.Period = period // Assemble and return the genesis with the precompiles and faucet pre-funded return &types.Genesis{ Config: &config, ExtraData: append(append(make([]byte, 32), faucet[:]...), make([]byte, crypto.SignatureLength)...), GasLimit: 11500000, Difficulty: big.NewInt(1), Alloc: readPrealloc("allocs/dev.json"), } } // ToBlock creates the genesis block and writes state of a genesis specification // to the given database (or discards it if nil). func GenesisToBlock(g *types.Genesis, tmpDir string, logger log.Logger) (*types.Block, *state.IntraBlockState, error) { _ = g.Alloc //nil-check head := &types.Header{ Number: new(big.Int).SetUint64(g.Number), Nonce: types.EncodeNonce(g.Nonce), Time: g.Timestamp, ParentHash: g.ParentHash, Extra: g.ExtraData, GasLimit: g.GasLimit, GasUsed: g.GasUsed, Difficulty: g.Difficulty, MixDigest: g.Mixhash, Coinbase: g.Coinbase, BaseFee: g.BaseFee, BlobGasUsed: g.BlobGasUsed, ExcessBlobGas: g.ExcessBlobGas, AuRaStep: g.AuRaStep, AuRaSeal: g.AuRaSeal, } if g.GasLimit == 0 { head.GasLimit = params.GenesisGasLimit } if g.Difficulty == nil { head.Difficulty = params.GenesisDifficulty } if g.Config != nil && g.Config.IsLondon(0) { if g.BaseFee != nil { head.BaseFee = g.BaseFee } else { head.BaseFee = new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.InitialBaseFee) } } var withdrawals []*types.Withdrawal if g.Config != nil && g.Config.IsShanghai(g.Timestamp) { withdrawals = []*types.Withdrawal{} } if g.Config != nil && g.Config.IsCancun(g.Timestamp) { if g.BlobGasUsed != nil { head.BlobGasUsed = g.BlobGasUsed } else { head.BlobGasUsed = new(uint64) } if g.ExcessBlobGas != nil { head.ExcessBlobGas = g.ExcessBlobGas } else { head.ExcessBlobGas = new(uint64) } if g.ParentBeaconBlockRoot != nil { head.ParentBeaconBlockRoot = g.ParentBeaconBlockRoot } else { head.ParentBeaconBlockRoot = &libcommon.Hash{} } } var root libcommon.Hash var statedb *state.IntraBlockState wg := sync.WaitGroup{} wg.Add(1) var err error go func() { // we may run inside write tx, can't open 2nd write tx in same goroutine // TODO(yperbasis): use memdb.MemoryMutation instead defer wg.Done() genesisTmpDB := mdbx.NewMDBX(logger).InMem(tmpDir).MapSize(2 * datasize.GB).GrowthStep(1 * datasize.MB).MustOpen() defer genesisTmpDB.Close() var tx kv.RwTx if tx, err = genesisTmpDB.BeginRw(context.Background()); err != nil { return } defer tx.Rollback() r, w := state.NewDbStateReader(tx), state.NewDbStateWriter(tx, 0) statedb = state.New(r) hasConstructorAllocation := false for _, account := range g.Alloc { if len(account.Constructor) > 0 { hasConstructorAllocation = true break } } // See https://github.com/NethermindEth/nethermind/blob/master/src/Nethermind/Nethermind.Consensus.AuRa/InitializationSteps/LoadGenesisBlockAuRa.cs if hasConstructorAllocation && g.Config.Aura != nil { statedb.CreateAccount(libcommon.Address{}, false) } keys := sortedAllocKeys(g.Alloc) for _, key := range keys { addr := libcommon.BytesToAddress([]byte(key)) account := g.Alloc[addr] balance, overflow := uint256.FromBig(account.Balance) if overflow { panic("overflow at genesis allocs") } statedb.AddBalance(addr, balance) statedb.SetCode(addr, account.Code) statedb.SetNonce(addr, account.Nonce) for key, value := range account.Storage { key := key val := uint256.NewInt(0).SetBytes(value.Bytes()) statedb.SetState(addr, &key, *val) } if len(account.Constructor) > 0 { if _, err = SysCreate(addr, account.Constructor, *g.Config, statedb, head); err != nil { return } } if len(account.Code) > 0 || len(account.Storage) > 0 || len(account.Constructor) > 0 { statedb.SetIncarnation(addr, state.FirstContractIncarnation) } } if err = statedb.FinalizeTx(&chain.Rules{}, w); err != nil { return } if root, err = trie.CalcRoot("genesis", tx); err != nil { return } }() wg.Wait() if err != nil { return nil, nil, err } head.Root = root return types.NewBlock(head, nil, nil, nil, withdrawals), statedb, nil } func sortedAllocKeys(m types.GenesisAlloc) []string { keys := make([]string, len(m)) i := 0 for k := range m { keys[i] = string(k.Bytes()) i++ } slices.Sort(keys) return keys } //go:embed allocs var allocs embed.FS func readPrealloc(filename string) types.GenesisAlloc { f, err := allocs.Open(filename) if err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("Could not open genesis preallocation for %s: %v", filename, err)) } defer f.Close() decoder := json.NewDecoder(f) ga := make(types.GenesisAlloc) err = decoder.Decode(&ga) if err != nil { panic(fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse genesis preallocation for %s: %v", filename, err)) } return ga } func GenesisBlockByChainName(chain string) *types.Genesis { switch chain { case networkname.MainnetChainName: return MainnetGenesisBlock() case networkname.HoleskyChainName: return HoleskyGenesisBlock() case networkname.SepoliaChainName: return SepoliaGenesisBlock() case networkname.GoerliChainName: return GoerliGenesisBlock() case networkname.MumbaiChainName: return MumbaiGenesisBlock() case networkname.AmoyChainName: return AmoyGenesisBlock() case networkname.BorMainnetChainName: return BorMainnetGenesisBlock() case networkname.BorDevnetChainName: return BorDevnetGenesisBlock() case networkname.GnosisChainName: return GnosisGenesisBlock() case networkname.ChiadoChainName: return ChiadoGenesisBlock() default: return nil } }