Follow the advice in Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst:
show() should only use sysfs_emit() or sysfs_emit_at() when formatting
the value to be returned to user space.
Signed-off-by: zhangheng <zhangheng@kylinos.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241220102337.295864-1-zhangheng@kylinos.cn
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-12-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-11-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-10-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-9-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-8-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-7-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-6-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-5-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-4-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-3-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The sysfs core now allows instances of 'struct bin_attribute' to be
moved into read-only memory. Make use of that to protect them against
accidental or malicious modifications.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241211-sysfs-const-bin_attr-w1-v1-2-c4befd2aa7cc@weissschuh.net
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The ds28ec20 eeprom is (almost) backward compatible with the
ds2433. The only differences are:
- the eeprom size is now 2560 bytes instead of 512;
- the number of pages is now 80 (same page size as the ds2433: 256 bits);
- the programming time has increased from 5ms to 10ms;
This patch adds support for the ds28ec20 to the ds2433 driver. From
the datasheet: The DS28EC20 provides a high degree of backward
compatibility with the DS2433. Besides the different family codes, the
only protocol change that is required on an existing DS2433
implementation is a lengthening of the programming duration (tPROG)
from 5ms to 10ms.
dmesg now returns:
w1_master_driver w1_bus_master1: Attaching one wire slave 43.000000478756 crc e0
instead of:
w1_master_driver w1_bus_master1: Attaching one wire slave 43.000000478756 crc e0
w1_master_driver w1_bus_master1: Family 43 for 43.000000478756.e0 is not registered.
Test script writing/reading random data (CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433_CRC is
not set):
#!/bin/sh
EEPROM=/sys/bus/w1/devices/43-000000478756/eeprom
BINFILE1=/home/root/file1.bin
BINFILE2=/home/root/file2.bin
for BS in 1 2 3 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2560; do
dd if=/dev/random of=${BINFILE1} bs=${BS} count=1 status=none
dd if=${BINFILE1} of=${EEPROM} status=none
dd if=${EEPROM} of=${BINFILE2} bs=${BS} count=1 status=none
if ! cmp --silent ${BINFILE1} ${BINFILE2}; then
echo file1
hexdump ${BINFILE1}
echo file2
hexdump ${BINFILE2}
echo FAIL
exit 1
fi
echo "${BS} OK!"
done
Results:
# ./test.sh
1 OK!
2 OK!
3 OK!
4 OK!
8 OK!
16 OK!
32 OK!
64 OK!
128 OK!
256 OK!
512 OK!
1024 OK!
2560 OK!
Tests with CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433_CRC=y:
$ cat /proc/config.gz | gunzip | grep CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433
CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433=m
CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433_CRC=y
# create a 32 bytes block with a crc, i.e.:
00000000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 40 |123456789:;<=>?@|
00000010 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e ba 63 |ABCDEFGHIJKLMN.c|
# fill all 80 blocks
$ dd if=test.bin of=/sys/bus/w1/devices/43-000000478756/eeprom bs=32 count=80
# read back all blocks, i.e.:
$ hexdump -C /sys/bus/w1/devices/43-000000478756/eeprom
00000000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 40 |123456789:;<=>?@|
00000010 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e ba 63 |ABCDEFGHIJKLMN.c|
00000020 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 40 |123456789:;<=>?@|
00000030 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e ba 63 |ABCDEFGHIJKLMN.c|
...
000009e0 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 40 |123456789:;<=>?@|
000009f0 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4a 4b 4c 4d 4e ba 63 |ABCDEFGHIJKLMN.c|
00000a00
Note: both memories (ds2433 and ds28ec20) have been tested with the
new driver.
Signed-off-by: Marc Ferland <marc.ferland@sonatest.com>
Co-developed-by: Jean-Francois Dagenais <jeff.dagenais@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jean-Francois Dagenais <jeff.dagenais@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231218150230.1992448-6-marc.ferland@sonatest.com
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The ds2433 driver uses the 'validcrc' variable to mark out which pages
have been successfully (crc is valid) retrieved from the eeprom and
placed in the internal 'memory' buffer (see CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433_CRC).
The current implementation assumes that the number of pages will never
go beyond 32 pages (bit field is a u32). This is fine for the ds2433
since it only has 16 pages.
On the ds28ec20 though, the number of pages increases to 80 which will
not fit on a single u32.
As a solution, I replaced the u32 variable with a standard bitmap and
set the number of bits to 32 which is the same size we had before.
Signed-off-by: Marc Ferland <marc.ferland@sonatest.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231218150230.1992448-5-marc.ferland@sonatest.com
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Add a ds2433_config structure for parameters that are different
between the ds2433 and the ds28ec20. The goal is to reuse the same
code for both chips.
A pointer to this config structure is added to w1_f23_data and the
CONFIG_W1_SLAVE_DS2433_CRC ifdefs are adjusted since now both driver
configurations (with or without crc support) will make use of
w1_f23_data.
Also, the 'memory' buffer is now dynamically allocated based on the
size specififed in the config structure to help support memories of
different sizes.
Signed-off-by: Marc Ferland <marc.ferland@sonatest.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231218150230.1992448-4-marc.ferland@sonatest.com
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Binding for fixed NVMEM cells defined directly as NVMEM device subnodes
has been deprecated. It has been replaced by the "fixed-layout" NVMEM
layout binding.
New syntax is meant to be clearer and should help avoiding imprecise
bindings.
NVMEM subsystem already supports the new binding. It should be a good
idea to limit support for old syntax to existing drivers that actually
support & use it (we can't break backward compatibility!). That way we
additionally encourage new bindings & drivers to ignore deprecated
binding.
It wasn't clear (to me) if rtc and w1 code actually uses old syntax
fixed cells. I enabled them to don't risk any breakage.
Signed-off-by: Rafał Miłecki <rafal@milecki.pl>
[for meson-{efuse,mx-efuse}.c]
Acked-by: Martin Blumenstingl <martin.blumenstingl@googlemail.com>
[for mtk-efuse.c, nvmem/core.c, nvmem-provider.h]
Reviewed-by: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
[MT8192, MT8195 Chromebooks]
Tested-by: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
[for microchip-otpc.c]
Reviewed-by: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea@microchip.com>
[SAMA7G5-EK]
Tested-by: Claudiu Beznea <claudiu.beznea@microchip.com>
Acked-by: Jernej Skrabec <jernej.skrabec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231020105545.216052-3-srinivas.kandagatla@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Variable crc is being initialized with a value that is never read,
it is being re-assigned later on. The initialization is redundant
and can be removed.
Cleans up clang scan build warning:
warning: Value stored to 'crc' is never read [deadcode.DeadStores]
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220522194622.13277-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Spelling mistake (triple letters) in comment.
Detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@inria.fr>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220521111145.81697-6-Julia.Lawall@inria.fr
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Adjust indentation from spaces to tab (+optional two spaces) as in
coding style with command like:
$ sed -e 's/^ /\t/' -i */Kconfig
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191120133826.12964-1-krzk@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
The commit 67b392f7b8ed ("w1_therm: optimizing temperature read timings")
accidentially inverted the logic for lock handling of the bus mutex.
Before:
pullup -> release lock before sleep
no pullup -> release lock after sleep
After:
pullup -> release lock after sleep
no pullup -> release lock before sleep
This cause spurious measurements of 85 degree (powerup value) on the
Tarragon board with connected 1-w temperature sensor
(w1_therm.w1_strong_pull=0).
In the meantime a new feature for polling the conversion
completion has been integrated in these branches with
commit 021da53e65fd ("w1: w1_therm: Add sysfs entries to control
conversion time and driver features"). But this feature isn't
available for parasite power mode, so handle this separately.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/regressions/2023042645-attentive-amends-7b0b@gregkh/T/
Fixes: 67b392f7b8ed ("w1_therm: optimizing temperature read timings")
Signed-off-by: Stefan Wahren <stefan.wahren@i2se.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230427112152.12313-1-stefan.wahren@i2se.com
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Assignments in if condition are less readable and error-prone. Fixes
also checkpatch warning:
ERROR: do not use assignment in if condition
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415104304.104134-7-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Correct several coding convention violations around white-spaces:
ERROR: spaces required around that '=' (ctx:VxV)
WARNING: Missing a blank line after declarations
ERROR: "foo* bar" should be "foo *bar"
ERROR: "(foo*)" should be "(foo *)"
WARNING: Block comments use * on subsequent lines
WARNING: Block comments use a trailing */ on a separate line
WARNING: please, no space before tabs
WARNING: Missing a blank line after declarations
ERROR: open brace '{' following struct go on the same line
ERROR: that open brace { should be on the previous line
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415104304.104134-4-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Correct kerneldoc comments (or drop annotation) to fix:
w1_ds28e04.c:57: warning: This comment starts with '/**', but isn't a kernel-doc comment.
w1_ds28e04.c:149: warning: This comment starts with '/**', but isn't a kernel-doc comment.
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415104304.104134-3-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Correct kerneldoc comments (or drop annotation) to fix:
w1_ds2433.c:46: warning: This comment starts with '/**', but isn't a kernel-doc comment.
w1_ds2433.c:141: warning: This comment starts with '/**', but isn't a kernel-doc comment.
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415104304.104134-2-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Drop kerneldoc annotation from comment which is not a kerneldoc to fix:
w1_ds2408.c:210: warning: This comment starts with '/**', but isn't a kernel-doc comment
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230415104304.104134-1-krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
MAX31850 shares family number 0x3B with DS1825. The device is generally
compatible with DS1825 but needs a different temperature readout.
It operates always in 14 bit mode and has all 4 higher bits of the
Config register set to 1. Conversion time is 100ms.
Signed-off-by: Markus Reichl <m.reichl@fivetechno.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220306145817.8753-1-m.reichl@fivetechno.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
w1_seq was failing due to several devices responding to the
CHAIN_DONE at the same time. Now properly selects the current
device in the chain with MATCH_ROM. Also acknowledgment was
read twice.
Signed-off-by: Lucas Denefle <lucas.denefle@converge.io>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220223113558.232750-1-lucas.denefle@converge.io
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Added a sysfs entry to support writing to the offset register on page1.
This register is used to calibrate the chip canceling offset errors in the
current ADC. This means that, over time, reading the IAD register will not
return the correct current measurement, it will have an offset. Writing to
the offset register if the two's complement of the current register while
passing zero current to the load will calibrate the measurements. This
change was tested on real hardware and it was able to calibrate the chip
correctly.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210519223046.13798-7-sampaio.ime@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Added a sysfs entry to support reading the page1 registers. This registers
contain Elapsed Time Meter (ETM) data, which shows for how long the chip is
on, as well as an Offset Register data, which can be used to calibrate the
current measurement of the chip.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210519223046.13798-6-sampaio.ime@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The purpose of the w1_ds2438_get_page function is to get the register
values at the page passed as the pageno parameter. However, the page0 was
hardcoded, such that the function always returned the page0 contents. Fixed
so that the function can retrieve any page.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210519223046.13798-5-sampaio.ime@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The iad sysfs file has permissions for read and write. Changed to the
recommended macro BIN_ATTR_RW.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210519223046.13798-4-sampaio.ime@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There is an if statement and, if the function goes into it, it returns. So,
the next else is not required.
Signed-off-by: Luiz Sampaio <sampaio.ime@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210519223046.13798-2-sampaio.ime@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Fix the following build warning:
drivers/w1/slaves/w1_therm.c: In function ‘w1_seq_show’:
drivers/w1/slaves/w1_therm.c:2059:6: warning: variable ‘rv’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
int rv;
^~
Signed-off-by: Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210518050415.615783-1-yangyingliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Fix the following make W=1 kernel build warning:
drivers/w1/slaves/w1_therm.c:843: warning: expecting prototype for support_bulk_read(). Prototype was for bulk_read_support() instead
Signed-off-by: Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210518050401.615648-1-yangyingliang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
It's slightly cleaner to use the clamp() macro instead of open coding
this.
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/YEedHNwqEH8fvjkD@mwanda
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
DS18B20 device driver returns an incorrect value for negative temperatures
due to a missing sign-extension in w1_DS18B20_convert_temp().
Fix by using s16 temperature value when converting to int.
Fixes: 9ace0b4dab1c (w1: w1_therm: Add support for GXCAS GX20MH01 device.)
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: Paweł Marciniak <sunwire@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivan Zaentsev <ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121093021.224764-1-ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Duplicate attribute 'eeprom' is defined in:
1) Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-driver-w1_therm
2) Documentation/ABI/stable/sysfs-driver-w1_ds28e04
Both drivers define an attribute: /sys/bus/w1/devices/.../eeprom
with conflicting behavior.
Fix by renaming the newer one in w1_therm.c to 'eeprom_cmd'.
Reported-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20201029152845.6bbb39ce@coco.lan/
Signed-off-by: Ivan Zaentsev <ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201112064931.8471-1-ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
kernel test robot rightly points out that w1_poll_completion() should be
static, so mark it as such.
Cc: Ivan Zaentsev <ivan.zaentsev@wirenboard.ru>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201005123703.GA800532@kroah.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>