package blockchain

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/ethereumapis/eth/v1alpha1"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/core/helpers"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/flags"
	stateTrie "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/state"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/bytesutil"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/roughtime"
	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
)

// ErrTargetRootNotInDB returns when the target block root of an attestation cannot be found in the
// beacon database.
var ErrTargetRootNotInDB = errors.New("target root does not exist in db")

// onAttestation is called whenever an attestation is received, verifies the attestation is valid and saves
/// it to the DB.
//
// Spec pseudocode definition:
//   def on_attestation(store: Service, attestation: Attestation) -> None:
//    """
//    Run ``on_attestation`` upon receiving a new ``attestation`` from either within a block or directly on the wire.
//
//    An ``attestation`` that is asserted as invalid may be valid at a later time,
//    consider scheduling it for later processing in such case.
//    """
//    target = attestation.data.target
//
//    # Attestations must be from the current or previous epoch
//    current_epoch = compute_epoch_at_slot(get_current_slot(store))
//    # Use GENESIS_EPOCH for previous when genesis to avoid underflow
//    previous_epoch = current_epoch - 1 if current_epoch > GENESIS_EPOCH else GENESIS_EPOCH
//    assert target.epoch in [current_epoch, previous_epoch]
//    assert target.epoch == compute_epoch_at_slot(attestation.data.slot)
//
//    # Attestations target be for a known block. If target block is unknown, delay consideration until the block is found
//    assert target.root in store.blocks
//    # Attestations cannot be from future epochs. If they are, delay consideration until the epoch arrives
//    base_state = store.block_states[target.root].copy()
//    assert store.time >= base_state.genesis_time + compute_start_slot_at_epoch(target.epoch) * SECONDS_PER_SLOT
//
//    # Attestations must be for a known block. If block is unknown, delay consideration until the block is found
//    assert attestation.data.beacon_block_root in store.blocks
//    # Attestations must not be for blocks in the future. If not, the attestation should not be considered
//    assert store.blocks[attestation.data.beacon_block_root].slot <= attestation.data.slot
//
//    # Service target checkpoint state if not yet seen
//    if target not in store.checkpoint_states:
//        process_slots(base_state, compute_start_slot_at_epoch(target.epoch))
//        store.checkpoint_states[target] = base_state
//    target_state = store.checkpoint_states[target]
//
//    # Attestations can only affect the fork choice of subsequent slots.
//    # Delay consideration in the fork choice until their slot is in the past.
//    assert store.time >= (attestation.data.slot + 1) * SECONDS_PER_SLOT
//
//    # Get state at the `target` to validate attestation and calculate the committees
//    indexed_attestation = get_indexed_attestation(target_state, attestation)
//    assert is_valid_indexed_attestation(target_state, indexed_attestation)
//
//    # Update latest messages
//    for i in indexed_attestation.attesting_indices:
//        if i not in store.latest_messages or target.epoch > store.latest_messages[i].epoch:
//            store.latest_messages[i] = LatestMessage(epoch=target.epoch, root=attestation.data.beacon_block_root)
func (s *Service) onAttestation(ctx context.Context, a *ethpb.Attestation) ([]uint64, error) {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "blockchain.onAttestation")
	defer span.End()

	if a == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("nil attestation")
	}
	if a.Data == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("nil attestation.Data field")
	}
	if a.Data.Target == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("nil attestation.Data.Target field")
	}

	tgt := stateTrie.CopyCheckpoint(a.Data.Target)
	tgtSlot := helpers.StartSlot(tgt.Epoch)

	if helpers.SlotToEpoch(a.Data.Slot) != a.Data.Target.Epoch {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("data slot is not in the same epoch as target %d != %d", helpers.SlotToEpoch(a.Data.Slot), a.Data.Target.Epoch)
	}

	// Verify beacon node has seen the target block before.
	if !s.hasBlock(ctx, bytesutil.ToBytes32(tgt.Root)) {
		return nil, ErrTargetRootNotInDB
	}

	// Retrieve attestation's data beacon block pre state. Advance pre state to latest epoch if necessary and
	// save it to the cache.
	baseState, err := s.getAttPreState(ctx, tgt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	genesisTime := baseState.GenesisTime()

	// Verify attestation target is from current epoch or previous epoch.
	if err := s.verifyAttTargetEpoch(ctx, genesisTime, uint64(roughtime.Now().Unix()), tgt); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Verify Attestations cannot be from future epochs.
	if err := helpers.VerifySlotTime(genesisTime, tgtSlot, helpers.TimeShiftTolerance); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not verify attestation target slot")
	}

	// Verify attestation beacon block is known and not from the future.
	if err := s.verifyBeaconBlock(ctx, a.Data); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not verify attestation beacon block")
	}

	// Verify attestations can only affect the fork choice of subsequent slots.
	if err := helpers.VerifySlotTime(genesisTime, a.Data.Slot+1, helpers.TimeShiftTolerance); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Use the target state to to validate attestation and calculate the committees.
	indexedAtt, err := s.verifyAttestation(ctx, baseState, a)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Only save attestation in DB for archival node.
	if flags.Get().EnableArchive {
		if err := s.beaconDB.SaveAttestation(ctx, a); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	if indexedAtt.AttestingIndices == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("nil attesting indices")
	}

	// Update forkchoice store with the new attestation for updating weight.
	s.forkChoiceStore.ProcessAttestation(ctx, indexedAtt.AttestingIndices, bytesutil.ToBytes32(a.Data.BeaconBlockRoot), a.Data.Target.Epoch)

	return indexedAtt.AttestingIndices, nil
}