prysm-pulse/beacon-chain/powchain/service.go

// Package powchain defines the services that interact with the ETH1.0 of Ethereum.
package powchain

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"runtime/debug"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	gethTypes "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
	gethRPC "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/beacon-chain/db"
	contracts "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/contracts/deposit-contract"
	ethpb "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/proto/eth/v1alpha1"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/bytesutil"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/event"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/params"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/shared/trieutil"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
)

var log = logrus.WithField("prefix", "powchain")

var (
	validDepositsCount = promauto.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
		Name: "powchain_valid_deposits_received",
		Help: "The number of valid deposits received in the deposit contract",
	})
	blockNumberGauge = promauto.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
		Name: "powchain_block_number",
		Help: "The current block number in the proof-of-work chain",
	})
	missedDepositLogsCount = promauto.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
		Name: "powchain_missed_deposit_logs",
		Help: "The number of times a missed deposit log is detected",
	})
)

// time to wait before trying to reconnect with the eth1 node.
var backOffPeriod = 6 * time.Second

// Reader defines a struct that can fetch latest header events from a web3 endpoint.
type Reader interface {
	SubscribeNewHead(ctx context.Context, ch chan<- *gethTypes.Header) (ethereum.Subscription, error)
}

// ChainStartFetcher retrieves information pertaining to the chain start event
// of the beacon chain for usage across various services.
type ChainStartFetcher interface {
	ChainStartDeposits() []*ethpb.Deposit
	ChainStartEth1Data() *ethpb.Eth1Data
	ChainStartFeed() *event.Feed
}

// ChainInfoFetcher retrieves information about eth1 metadata at the eth2 genesis time.
type ChainInfoFetcher interface {
	Eth2GenesisPowchainInfo() (uint64, *big.Int)
	IsConnectedToETH1() bool
}

// POWBlockFetcher defines a struct that can retrieve mainchain blocks.
type POWBlockFetcher interface {
	BlockTimeByHeight(ctx context.Context, height *big.Int) (uint64, error)
	BlockNumberByTimestamp(ctx context.Context, time uint64) (*big.Int, error)
	BlockHashByHeight(ctx context.Context, height *big.Int) (common.Hash, error)
	BlockExists(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (bool, *big.Int, error)
}

// Chain defines a standard interface for the powchain service in Prysm.
type Chain interface {
	ChainStartFetcher
	ChainInfoFetcher
	POWBlockFetcher
}

// Client defines a struct that combines all relevant ETH1.0 mainchain interactions required
// by the beacon chain node.
type Client interface {
	Reader
	RPCBlockFetcher
	bind.ContractFilterer
	bind.ContractCaller
}

// RPCBlockFetcher defines a subset of methods conformed to by ETH1.0 RPC clients for
// fetching block information.
type RPCBlockFetcher interface {
	HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, number *big.Int) (*gethTypes.Header, error)
	BlockByNumber(ctx context.Context, number *big.Int) (*gethTypes.Block, error)
	BlockByHash(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (*gethTypes.Block, error)
}

// Service fetches important information about the canonical
// Ethereum ETH1.0 chain via a web3 endpoint using an ethclient. The Random
// Beacon Chain requires synchronization with the ETH1.0 chain's current
// blockhash, block number, and access to logs within the
// Validator Registration Contract on the ETH1.0 chain to kick off the beacon
// chain's validator registration process.
type Service struct {
	ctx                     context.Context
	cancel                  context.CancelFunc
	client                  Client
	headerChan              chan *gethTypes.Header
	eth1Endpoint            string
	httpEndpoint            string
	depositContractAddress  common.Address
	chainStartFeed          *event.Feed
	reader                  Reader
	logger                  bind.ContractFilterer
	httpLogger              bind.ContractFilterer
	blockFetcher            RPCBlockFetcher
	blockHeight             *big.Int    // the latest ETH1.0 chain blockHeight.
	blockHash               common.Hash // the latest ETH1.0 chain blockHash.
	blockTime               time.Time   // the latest ETH1.0 chain blockTime.
	blockCache              *blockCache // cache to store block hash/block height.
	depositContractCaller   *contracts.DepositContractCaller
	depositRoot             []byte
	depositTrie             *trieutil.MerkleTrie
	chainStartDeposits      []*ethpb.Deposit
	chainStarted            bool
	chainStartBlockNumber   *big.Int
	beaconDB                db.Database
	depositCache            *depositcache.DepositCache
	lastReceivedMerkleIndex int64 // Keeps track of the last received index to prevent log spam.
	isRunning               bool
	runError                error
	lastRequestedBlock      *big.Int
	chainStartETH1Data      *ethpb.Eth1Data
	activeValidatorCount    uint64
	depositedPubkeys        map[[48]byte]uint64
	processingLock          sync.RWMutex
	eth2GenesisTime         uint64
	connectedETH1           bool
}

// Web3ServiceConfig defines a config struct for web3 service to use through its life cycle.
type Web3ServiceConfig struct {
	ETH1Endpoint    string
	HTTPEndPoint    string
	DepositContract common.Address
	BeaconDB        db.Database
	DepositCache    *depositcache.DepositCache
}

// NewService sets up a new instance with an ethclient when
// given a web3 endpoint as a string in the config.
func NewService(ctx context.Context, config *Web3ServiceConfig) (*Service, error) {
	if !strings.HasPrefix(config.ETH1Endpoint, "ws") && !strings.HasPrefix(config.ETH1Endpoint, "ipc") {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
			"powchain service requires either an IPC or WebSocket endpoint, provided %s",
			config.ETH1Endpoint,
		)
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	depositTrie, err := trieutil.NewTrie(int(params.BeaconConfig().DepositContractTreeDepth))
	if err != nil {
		cancel()
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not setup deposit trie")
	}
	return &Service{
		ctx:                     ctx,
		cancel:                  cancel,
		headerChan:              make(chan *gethTypes.Header),
		eth1Endpoint:            config.ETH1Endpoint,
		httpEndpoint:            config.HTTPEndPoint,
		blockHeight:             nil,
		blockHash:               common.BytesToHash([]byte{}),
		blockCache:              newBlockCache(),
		depositContractAddress:  config.DepositContract,
		chainStartFeed:          new(event.Feed),
		depositTrie:             depositTrie,
		chainStartDeposits:      make([]*ethpb.Deposit, 0),
		beaconDB:                config.BeaconDB,
		depositCache:            config.DepositCache,
		lastReceivedMerkleIndex: -1,
		lastRequestedBlock:      big.NewInt(0),
		chainStartETH1Data:      &ethpb.Eth1Data{},
		depositedPubkeys:        make(map[[48]byte]uint64),
	}, nil
}

// Start a web3 service's main event loop.
func (s *Service) Start() {
	go func() {
		s.waitForConnection()
		s.run(s.ctx.Done())
	}()
}

// Stop the web3 service's main event loop and associated goroutines.
func (s *Service) Stop() error {
	if s.cancel != nil {
		defer s.cancel()
	}
	if s.headerChan != nil {
		defer close(s.headerChan)
	}
	return nil
}

// ChainStartFeed returns a feed that is written to
// whenever the deposit contract fires a ChainStart log.
func (s *Service) ChainStartFeed() *event.Feed {
	return s.chainStartFeed
}

// ChainStartDeposits returns a slice of validator deposit data processed
// by the deposit contract and cached in the powchain service.
func (s *Service) ChainStartDeposits() []*ethpb.Deposit {
	return s.chainStartDeposits
}

// ChainStartEth1Data returns the eth1 data at chainstart.
func (s *Service) ChainStartEth1Data() *ethpb.Eth1Data {
	return s.chainStartETH1Data
}

// Status is service health checks. Return nil or error.
func (s *Service) Status() error {
	// Service don't start
	if !s.isRunning {
		return nil
	}
	// get error from run function
	if s.runError != nil {
		return s.runError
	}
	// use a 5 minutes timeout for block time, because the max mining time is 278 sec (block 7208027)
	// (analyzed the time of the block from 2018-09-01 to 2019-02-13)
	fiveMinutesTimeout := time.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute)
	// check that web3 client is syncing
	if s.blockTime.Before(fiveMinutesTimeout) {
		return errors.New("eth1 client is not syncing")
	}
	return nil
}

// IsConnectedToETH1 checks if the beacon node is connected to a ETH1 Node.
func (s *Service) IsConnectedToETH1() bool {
	return s.connectedETH1
}

// DepositRoot returns the Merkle root of the latest deposit trie
// from the ETH1.0 deposit contract.
func (s *Service) DepositRoot() [32]byte {
	return s.depositTrie.Root()
}

// DepositTrie returns the sparse Merkle trie used for storing
// deposits from the ETH1.0 deposit contract.
func (s *Service) DepositTrie() *trieutil.MerkleTrie {
	return s.depositTrie
}

// LatestBlockHeight in the ETH1.0 chain.
func (s *Service) LatestBlockHeight() *big.Int {
	return s.blockHeight
}

// LatestBlockHash in the ETH1.0 chain.
func (s *Service) LatestBlockHash() common.Hash {
	return s.blockHash
}

// Client for interacting with the ETH1.0 chain.
func (s *Service) Client() Client {
	return s.client
}

// AreAllDepositsProcessed determines if all the logs from the deposit contract
// are processed.
func (s *Service) AreAllDepositsProcessed() (bool, error) {
	s.processingLock.RLock()
	defer s.processingLock.RUnlock()
	countByte, err := s.depositContractCaller.GetDepositCount(&bind.CallOpts{})
	if err != nil {
		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "could not get deposit count")
	}
	count := bytesutil.FromBytes8(countByte)
	deposits := s.depositCache.AllDeposits(context.TODO(), nil)
	if count != uint64(len(deposits)) {
		return false, nil
	}
	return true, nil
}

func (s *Service) connectToPowChain() error {
	powClient, httpClient, err := s.dialETH1Nodes()
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not dial eth1 nodes")
	}

	depositContractCaller, err := contracts.NewDepositContractCaller(s.depositContractAddress, httpClient)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create deposit contract caller")
	}

	s.initializeConnection(powClient, httpClient, depositContractCaller)
	return nil
}

func (s *Service) dialETH1Nodes() (*ethclient.Client, *ethclient.Client, error) {
	httpRPCClient, err := gethRPC.Dial(s.httpEndpoint)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	httpClient := ethclient.NewClient(httpRPCClient)

	rpcClient, err := gethRPC.Dial(s.eth1Endpoint)
	if err != nil {
		httpClient.Close()
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	powClient := ethclient.NewClient(rpcClient)

	return powClient, httpClient, nil
}

func (s *Service) initializeConnection(powClient *ethclient.Client,
	httpClient *ethclient.Client, contractCaller *contracts.DepositContractCaller) {

	s.reader = powClient
	s.logger = powClient
	s.client = httpClient
	s.httpLogger = httpClient
	s.blockFetcher = httpClient
	s.depositContractCaller = contractCaller
}

func (s *Service) waitForConnection() {
	err := s.connectToPowChain()
	if err == nil {
		s.connectedETH1 = true
		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
			"endpoint": s.eth1Endpoint,
		}).Info("Connected to eth1 proof-of-work chain")
		return
	}
	log.WithError(err).Error("Could not connect to powchain endpoint")
	ticker := time.NewTicker(backOffPeriod)
	for {
		select {
		case <-ticker.C:
			err := s.connectToPowChain()
			if err == nil {
				s.connectedETH1 = true
				log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
					"endpoint": s.eth1Endpoint,
				}).Info("Connected to eth1 proof-of-work chain")
				ticker.Stop()
				return
			}
			log.WithError(err).Error("Could not connect to powchain endpoint")
		case <-s.ctx.Done():
			ticker.Stop()
			log.Debug("Received cancelled context,closing existing powchain service")
			return
		}
	}
}

// initDataFromContract calls the deposit contract and finds the deposit count
// and deposit root.
func (s *Service) initDataFromContract() error {
	root, err := s.depositContractCaller.GetDepositRoot(&bind.CallOpts{})
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not retrieve deposit root")
	}
	s.depositRoot = root[:]
	return nil
}

// processSubscribedHeaders adds a newly observed eth1 block to the block cache and
// updates the latest blockHeight, blockHash, and blockTime properties of the service.
func (s *Service) processSubscribedHeaders(header *gethTypes.Header) {
	defer safelyHandlePanic()
	blockNumberGauge.Set(float64(header.Number.Int64()))
	s.blockHeight = header.Number
	s.blockHash = header.Hash()
	s.blockTime = time.Unix(int64(header.Time), 0)
	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
		"blockNumber": s.blockHeight,
		"blockHash":   s.blockHash.Hex(),
	}).Debug("Latest eth1 chain event")

	if err := s.blockCache.AddBlock(gethTypes.NewBlockWithHeader(header)); err != nil {
		s.runError = err
		log.Errorf("Unable to add block data to cache %v", err)
	}
}

// safelyHandleHeader will recover and log any panic that occurs from the
// block
func safelyHandlePanic() {
	if r := recover(); r != nil {
		log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
			"r": r,
		}).Error("Panicked when handling data from ETH 1.0 Chain! Recovering...")

		debug.PrintStack()
	}
}

func (s *Service) handleDelayTicker() {
	defer safelyHandlePanic()
	// If the last requested block has not changed,
	// we do not request batched logs as this means there are no new
	// logs for the powchain service to process.
	if s.lastRequestedBlock.Cmp(s.blockHeight) == 0 {
		return
	}
	if err := s.requestBatchedLogs(context.Background()); err != nil {
		s.runError = err
		log.Error(err)
	}
}

// run subscribes to all the services for the ETH1.0 chain.
func (s *Service) run(done <-chan struct{}) {
	s.isRunning = true
	s.runError = nil
	if err := s.initDataFromContract(); err != nil {
		log.Errorf("Unable to retrieve data from deposit contract %v", err)
		return
	}

	headSub, err := s.reader.SubscribeNewHead(s.ctx, s.headerChan)
	if err != nil {
		log.Errorf("Unable to subscribe to incoming ETH1.0 chain headers: %v", err)
		s.runError = err
		return
	}

	header, err := s.blockFetcher.HeaderByNumber(context.Background(), nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Errorf("Unable to retrieve latest ETH1.0 chain header: %v", err)
		s.runError = err
		return
	}

	s.blockHeight = header.Number
	s.blockHash = header.Hash()

	if err := s.processPastLogs(context.Background()); err != nil {
		log.Errorf("Unable to process past logs %v", err)
		s.runError = err
		return
	}

	ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Second)
	defer headSub.Unsubscribe()
	defer ticker.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-done:
			s.isRunning = false
			s.runError = nil
			s.connectedETH1 = false
			log.Debug("Context closed, exiting goroutine")
			return
		case s.runError = <-headSub.Err():
			log.WithError(s.runError).Error("Subscription to new head notifier failed")
			s.connectedETH1 = false
			s.waitForConnection()
			headSub, err = s.reader.SubscribeNewHead(s.ctx, s.headerChan)
			if err != nil {
				log.WithError(err).Error("Unable to re-subscribe to incoming ETH1.0 chain headers")
				s.runError = err
				return
			}
		case header, ok := <-s.headerChan:
			if ok {
				s.processSubscribedHeaders(header)
			}
		case <-ticker.C:
			s.handleDelayTicker()
		}
	}
}